1. Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh: Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 phim ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n
2. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt
\nPh\u01a1i s\u00e1ng (Exposure): L\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c phim \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh. Ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0n tr\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ISO.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 (Aperture): L\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 trong \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng f-stop (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: f\/2.8, f\/16). Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn (s\u1ed1 f nh\u1ecf) t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1edd h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh (bokeh), trong khi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf (s\u1ed1 f l\u1edbn) l\u00e0m r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0n tr\u1eadp (Shutter Speed): L\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0n tr\u1eadp m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c phim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e2y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1\/100s, 2s). T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh “\u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng” chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1edd.<\/p>\n
ISO: L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c phim \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. ISO th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ISO 100) cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t. ISO cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ISO 3200) d\u00f9ng trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u1ea3nh (noise).<\/p>\n
3. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt
\nB\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c (Composition): L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong khung h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. Quy t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba (rule of thirds) l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng (Lighting): L\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh (Depth of Field – DoF): L\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng m\u1edd trong \u1ea3nh. DoF n\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n DoF s\u00e2u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
M\u00e0u s\u1eafc (Color): L\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda trong h\u1eadu k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
4. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh
\nNhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n dung (Portrait Photography): T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh phong c\u1ea3nh (Landscape Photography): Ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh quan.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (Documentary Photography): Ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 (Street Photography): Ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (Fine Art Photography): T\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
5. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh
\nM\u00e1y \u1ea3nh (Camera): C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh phim, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
\u1ed0ng k\u00ednh (Lens): B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh tele, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh macro.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00e2n m\u00e1y (Tripod): D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh: Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 phim ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoi-dam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":186,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions\/186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhiepanh.sonla.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}